One of the best ways to get help on a dissertation is to seek professional dissertation help from statistical consulting firms. Statistical consulting firms have been gaining in popularity as doctoral students realize just how difficult it is to do the statistical analysis for their dissertations. Statistical consulting firms can provide all of the help, support, and guidance necessary for doctoral students to be able to accurately and precisely carry-out the statistical analysis for their dissertations.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in statistical consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
Statistical consulting firms provide accurate and dependable help on all aspects of the statistics of a dissertation. The statistical procedures of a dissertation are vital to the dissertation because without the statistics, the dissertation does not have evidence or proof to support what it is the student sets out to prove in his or her dissertation. In other words, a doctoral student needs to provide concrete evidence as to what it is they are proving and the statistics and statistical analysis of a dissertation accomplishes this. The downside, of course, to having statistics being a necessary part to any dissertation is that doctoral students must be well versed in statistics in order to complete the statistical processes necessary for the dissertation to be complete. When students are not well versed in statistics, their best option is to turn to statistical consulting firms for help and guidance on the statistical portions of the dissertation.
Statistical consulting firms are staffed with expert statisticians. These expert statisticians that make up statistical consulting firms are also experts when it comes to dissertations. This is true because the people who work at statistical consulting firms are trained in statistics, and the people who work at statistical consulting firms have helped thousands of students finish their dissertations in the past. Additionally, many of the professionals who work at statistical consulting firms have themselves acquired their doctoral degrees. Thus, many of the professionals who work in statistical consulting firms have gone through the process of writing a dissertation themselves. This can be extremely helpful because these people who have themselves gone through the entire process of the dissertation know exactly what is to be expected.
There are many statistical consulting firms that can provide help on the dissertation. Thus, it is important to choose a statistical consulting firm that can best suit the student. In order to find the best statistical consulting firm among all of the statistical consulting firms available, a doctoral student should make some phone calls to these statistical consulting firms. These phone calls will provide much more information as to the services that statistical consulting firms can offer the student. Additionally, these phone calls placed to statistical consulting firms by the student can also give the student an idea of what it will cost to use a statistical consulting firm.
Because statistical consulting firms can be of so much help to doctoral students who are struggling with their dissertations, it is important for doctoral students to seek help early. The earlier a doctoral student seeks help from statistical consulting firms, the more help that the statistical consulting firms can provide the student. Additionally, when the student contacts statistical consulting firms early, those statistical consulting firms will make sure that the doctoral student does not make mistakes in the statistical processes and the statistical analysis of the dissertation. Mistakes on these statistical procedures can be very costly in terms of time, energy and effort. Thus, getting help from statistical consulting firms early is the best way for a doctoral student to ensure that he or she finishes with success and in a timely fashion.
Monday, August 31, 2009
Friday, August 28, 2009
Statistical Consulting Services
Each year, thousands of doctoral students struggle as they work on and write their dissertation. This struggle is usually followed by frustration, annoyance, discouragement and a very powerful feeling of burn out. This does not need to be the case, however, as statistical consulting services can help students as they tackle their dissertations.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in statistical consulting services. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
Statistical consulting services can provide the help a doctoral student needs as he or she works on and writes his or her dissertation. Statistical consulting services provide one on one help and guidance to each doctoral degree seeking student. Statistical consulting services can help doctoral students throughout the entire dissertation, but statistical consulting services are especially helpful when it comes to the statistical processes that need to be complete within the dissertation. This is where the majority of doctoral students struggle because the majority of doctoral students are not adequately trained in statistics. These doctoral students have spent years and years studying about their field, but they have not put this same rigor and time into studying statistics. And statistics does indeed take years and years to master as statistics is a science. Like every other science, it must be performed with accuracy and precision and according to the laws and methodologies of statistics. Many doctoral students do not know these laws and methodologies because again, they have simply not spent the time necessary on statistics. Thus, when they get to the statistical procedures of the dissertation, these doctoral students are at a loss for how to proceed. This is precisely where statistical consulting services come in as statistical consulting services are staffed with expert statisticians who can provide doctoral degree seeking students with the help that they need to complete the dissertation.
Statistical consulting services can therefore help any doctoral student as he or she enters into the statistical phases of the dissertation. Statistical consulting services, then, can help students as they gather the data, interpret that data and apply the data to the dissertation. Each one of these steps takes weeks and months to complete, but with statistical consulting services, the doctoral student will ensure that he or she is on the right track at all times. For mistakes at any point in those three steps can cost the student weeks, months or years to fix. Statistical consulting services will not let the student misstep, however, as statistical consulting services will be helping the doctoral student through every single procedure, step and process of the dissertation statistics.
What’s more statistical consulting services will make sure that the student actually understands every single statistical procedure within his or her dissertation. This will be vital in the future as the doctoral student will have to orally defend his or her dissertation. And this oral defense is crucial for the student finally finishing his doctoral degree. Statistical consulting services know this and will make sure that the student is indeed prepared to defend his or her dissertation orally. Thus, statistical consulting services will provide a great deal of instruction to each and every single degree seeking student. And this instruction provided by statistical consulting services will proceed at the pace of the student because statistical consulting services offer one on one instruction. There is no pressure of moving too fast with statistical consulting services and because of this, the doctoral student will learn everything that he or she needs to know about statistics.
Statistical consulting services can guarantee that doctoral students are successful and that they finish on time and without delay. Because statistical consulting services can be so beneficial to doctoral students, there is no reason not to seek statistical consulting services when working on the dissertation.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in statistical consulting services. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
Statistical consulting services can provide the help a doctoral student needs as he or she works on and writes his or her dissertation. Statistical consulting services provide one on one help and guidance to each doctoral degree seeking student. Statistical consulting services can help doctoral students throughout the entire dissertation, but statistical consulting services are especially helpful when it comes to the statistical processes that need to be complete within the dissertation. This is where the majority of doctoral students struggle because the majority of doctoral students are not adequately trained in statistics. These doctoral students have spent years and years studying about their field, but they have not put this same rigor and time into studying statistics. And statistics does indeed take years and years to master as statistics is a science. Like every other science, it must be performed with accuracy and precision and according to the laws and methodologies of statistics. Many doctoral students do not know these laws and methodologies because again, they have simply not spent the time necessary on statistics. Thus, when they get to the statistical procedures of the dissertation, these doctoral students are at a loss for how to proceed. This is precisely where statistical consulting services come in as statistical consulting services are staffed with expert statisticians who can provide doctoral degree seeking students with the help that they need to complete the dissertation.
Statistical consulting services can therefore help any doctoral student as he or she enters into the statistical phases of the dissertation. Statistical consulting services, then, can help students as they gather the data, interpret that data and apply the data to the dissertation. Each one of these steps takes weeks and months to complete, but with statistical consulting services, the doctoral student will ensure that he or she is on the right track at all times. For mistakes at any point in those three steps can cost the student weeks, months or years to fix. Statistical consulting services will not let the student misstep, however, as statistical consulting services will be helping the doctoral student through every single procedure, step and process of the dissertation statistics.
What’s more statistical consulting services will make sure that the student actually understands every single statistical procedure within his or her dissertation. This will be vital in the future as the doctoral student will have to orally defend his or her dissertation. And this oral defense is crucial for the student finally finishing his doctoral degree. Statistical consulting services know this and will make sure that the student is indeed prepared to defend his or her dissertation orally. Thus, statistical consulting services will provide a great deal of instruction to each and every single degree seeking student. And this instruction provided by statistical consulting services will proceed at the pace of the student because statistical consulting services offer one on one instruction. There is no pressure of moving too fast with statistical consulting services and because of this, the doctoral student will learn everything that he or she needs to know about statistics.
Statistical consulting services can guarantee that doctoral students are successful and that they finish on time and without delay. Because statistical consulting services can be so beneficial to doctoral students, there is no reason not to seek statistical consulting services when working on the dissertation.
Wednesday, August 26, 2009
What is PhD Statistics Analysis?
What is PhD statistics analysis?
PhD statistics analysis is a step in the dissertation process where the PhD student must analyze all of the data that has been collected, turn it into statistics, and apply those statistics to the student’s dissertation. PhD statistics analysis is a crucial part to the dissertation because without PhD statistics analysis, the PhD student will not be able to get his or her dissertation accepted and approved. Thus, without PhD statistics analysis, the student will not become a PhD.
How do I do PhD statistics analysis?
Before PhD statistics analysis can be done, the doctoral student must collect reliable, accurate and precise data. The collection of proper data is critical in PhD statistics analysis because the data will be used for the PhD statistics analysis. Thus, if the data that is collected by the doctoral student is faulty, biased or inaccurate, the PhD statistics analysis will also be faulty, biased and inaccurate. Thus, the first step in PhD statistic analysis is to make sure that the data that has been collected by the doctoral student has been collected properly and that all of the rules, regulations and procedures of statistics have been applied to the collection of data.
Once the data has indeed been collected properly, the doctoral student can then get to work on the PhD statistics analysis. The PhD statistics analysis involves using the data to compile it into statistics that make sense and that can be applied to the dissertation. There are many steps involved in PhD statistics analysis, and all of these steps are based on the methodology of statistics. Thus, a PhD student must be well versed in statistics if he or she is to do the PhD statistics analysis correctly.
How do I get help on the PhD statistics analysis?
One of the best decisions that a doctoral student who is not well versed in statistics can make is to seek help on the PhD statistics analysis. Help on the PhD statistics analysis comes in the form of a dissertation consultant. Dissertation consultants are experts in statistics and in the methodologies of statistics, and dissertation consultants can use that expertise for the PhD statistics analysis. And because, as mentioned before, PhD statistics analysis depends on accurate data, the dissertation consultant will also look at how the PhD student has gathered and acquired the data. If the data has indeed been gathered accurately, precisely and according to the laws of statistics, the dissertation consultant will get to work on helping the student with the PhD statistics analysis. If, however, the data that the PhD student has collected was not collected properly, then the dissertation consultant will help the PhD student gather proper data that can be used for the PhD statistics analysis. This will save the doctoral student much time in the long run, because the student, with the help of the dissertation consultant, will fix all of his or her previous mistakes before the dissertation is submitted. Additionally, with the help of a dissertation consultant, the PhD student will be sure to turn in a dissertation where the PhD statistics analysis has all been done correctly, according to statistical methodology. Thus, with the help of a dissertation consultant providing help not only on the PhD statistics analysis, but on the entire dissertation itself, the doctoral student will be well on his or her way to receiving his or her doctoral degree. There is no better way for a PhD student to guarantee success as he or she works on his or her dissertation than by seeking the help of a dissertation consultant.
PhD statistics analysis is a step in the dissertation process where the PhD student must analyze all of the data that has been collected, turn it into statistics, and apply those statistics to the student’s dissertation. PhD statistics analysis is a crucial part to the dissertation because without PhD statistics analysis, the PhD student will not be able to get his or her dissertation accepted and approved. Thus, without PhD statistics analysis, the student will not become a PhD.
How do I do PhD statistics analysis?
Before PhD statistics analysis can be done, the doctoral student must collect reliable, accurate and precise data. The collection of proper data is critical in PhD statistics analysis because the data will be used for the PhD statistics analysis. Thus, if the data that is collected by the doctoral student is faulty, biased or inaccurate, the PhD statistics analysis will also be faulty, biased and inaccurate. Thus, the first step in PhD statistic analysis is to make sure that the data that has been collected by the doctoral student has been collected properly and that all of the rules, regulations and procedures of statistics have been applied to the collection of data.
Once the data has indeed been collected properly, the doctoral student can then get to work on the PhD statistics analysis. The PhD statistics analysis involves using the data to compile it into statistics that make sense and that can be applied to the dissertation. There are many steps involved in PhD statistics analysis, and all of these steps are based on the methodology of statistics. Thus, a PhD student must be well versed in statistics if he or she is to do the PhD statistics analysis correctly.
How do I get help on the PhD statistics analysis?
One of the best decisions that a doctoral student who is not well versed in statistics can make is to seek help on the PhD statistics analysis. Help on the PhD statistics analysis comes in the form of a dissertation consultant. Dissertation consultants are experts in statistics and in the methodologies of statistics, and dissertation consultants can use that expertise for the PhD statistics analysis. And because, as mentioned before, PhD statistics analysis depends on accurate data, the dissertation consultant will also look at how the PhD student has gathered and acquired the data. If the data has indeed been gathered accurately, precisely and according to the laws of statistics, the dissertation consultant will get to work on helping the student with the PhD statistics analysis. If, however, the data that the PhD student has collected was not collected properly, then the dissertation consultant will help the PhD student gather proper data that can be used for the PhD statistics analysis. This will save the doctoral student much time in the long run, because the student, with the help of the dissertation consultant, will fix all of his or her previous mistakes before the dissertation is submitted. Additionally, with the help of a dissertation consultant, the PhD student will be sure to turn in a dissertation where the PhD statistics analysis has all been done correctly, according to statistical methodology. Thus, with the help of a dissertation consultant providing help not only on the PhD statistics analysis, but on the entire dissertation itself, the doctoral student will be well on his or her way to receiving his or her doctoral degree. There is no better way for a PhD student to guarantee success as he or she works on his or her dissertation than by seeking the help of a dissertation consultant.
Statistical Analysis Consultant
If you are a PhD student working on your dissertation, you have no doubt experienced both the joy and the despair of the dissertation. The joy of the dissertation, of course, comes in knowing that you are working on something for which you are passionate and from moments when you know you are on the right track. The despairs of working on the dissertation, however, come from realizing that the dissertation will take a lot of time, realizing that you have made a mistake somewhere along the way, or simply feeling overwhelmed by the entire project. And in many cases, the despair that one feels from the dissertation outweighs the joys of working on the project. This, unfortunately, can make the dissertation feel never-ending and impossible to complete.
Fortunately, however, there is much help available to doctoral candidates who are working on their dissertation. This help comes in the form of a statistical analysis consultant and a statistical analysis consultant can ensure that a doctoral student remain on the right track, does not feel overwhelmed and that the student finishes the dissertation in a timely and productive manner.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in statistical analysis consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
As the name implies, a statistical analysis consultant provides assistance, guidance, advice and help on all things relating to statistics. And because statistics play a major role in the dissertation, a statistical analysis consultant can walk a student through every single statistical procedure that needs to be done in order for the dissertation to be complete. A statistical analysis consultant, then, can help a student through the most difficult and challenging aspect of the dissertation.
Because the dissertation relies so heavily on statistics, a statistical analysis consultant can be one of the most valuable means of assistance available for PhD students. A statistical analysis consultant should be hired at the very beginning of the project as a statistical analysis consultant will be able to help the student more the earlier the statistical analysis consultant is hired. A statistical analysis consultant can even help a student as he or she chooses the topic that he or she wishes to study. This is true because a statistical analysis consultant can help narrow down the student’s topic. This narrowing down of the topic is vital to the dissertation as a topic that is too broad cannot be studied statistically. A statistical analysis consultant knows what can be studied statistically and therefore, with the help of a statistical analysis consultant, the student will choose the right topic.
A statistical analysis consultant will continue to help the student through every stage of the dissertation and will make sure that the student has reliable, accurate and precise statistical analysis for his or her dissertation. Thus, a statistical analysis consultant will help with every statistical aspect of the dissertation. This includes the statistical analysis consultant helping with the collection of data (a difficult task in and of itself—as it relies on accurate data collection methods, including choosing the correct sample number), interpreting the data and making sense of the data statistically, and applying that data to the actual dissertation. With the help of a statistical analysis consultant, the student will no longer struggle through the statistical portions of the dissertation and the student will no longer feel overwhelmed by all of the work that needs to be done on the dissertation. A statistical analysis consultant will carefully and conscientiously make sure that the student is doing everything correctly and will make sure that the student feels confident that he or she can succeed. Thus, a statistical analysis consultant will be able to replace the moments of despair with moments of joy as the student realizes that he or she is indeed able, ready and willing to complete the dissertation with success.
Fortunately, however, there is much help available to doctoral candidates who are working on their dissertation. This help comes in the form of a statistical analysis consultant and a statistical analysis consultant can ensure that a doctoral student remain on the right track, does not feel overwhelmed and that the student finishes the dissertation in a timely and productive manner.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in statistical analysis consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
As the name implies, a statistical analysis consultant provides assistance, guidance, advice and help on all things relating to statistics. And because statistics play a major role in the dissertation, a statistical analysis consultant can walk a student through every single statistical procedure that needs to be done in order for the dissertation to be complete. A statistical analysis consultant, then, can help a student through the most difficult and challenging aspect of the dissertation.
Because the dissertation relies so heavily on statistics, a statistical analysis consultant can be one of the most valuable means of assistance available for PhD students. A statistical analysis consultant should be hired at the very beginning of the project as a statistical analysis consultant will be able to help the student more the earlier the statistical analysis consultant is hired. A statistical analysis consultant can even help a student as he or she chooses the topic that he or she wishes to study. This is true because a statistical analysis consultant can help narrow down the student’s topic. This narrowing down of the topic is vital to the dissertation as a topic that is too broad cannot be studied statistically. A statistical analysis consultant knows what can be studied statistically and therefore, with the help of a statistical analysis consultant, the student will choose the right topic.
A statistical analysis consultant will continue to help the student through every stage of the dissertation and will make sure that the student has reliable, accurate and precise statistical analysis for his or her dissertation. Thus, a statistical analysis consultant will help with every statistical aspect of the dissertation. This includes the statistical analysis consultant helping with the collection of data (a difficult task in and of itself—as it relies on accurate data collection methods, including choosing the correct sample number), interpreting the data and making sense of the data statistically, and applying that data to the actual dissertation. With the help of a statistical analysis consultant, the student will no longer struggle through the statistical portions of the dissertation and the student will no longer feel overwhelmed by all of the work that needs to be done on the dissertation. A statistical analysis consultant will carefully and conscientiously make sure that the student is doing everything correctly and will make sure that the student feels confident that he or she can succeed. Thus, a statistical analysis consultant will be able to replace the moments of despair with moments of joy as the student realizes that he or she is indeed able, ready and willing to complete the dissertation with success.
Thursday, August 20, 2009
Discrete probability distribution
There are basically two types of random variables, called continuous and discrete random variables. We shall discuss the probability distribution of the discrete random variable. The discrete random variable is defined as the random variable that is countable in nature, like the number of heads, number of books, etc.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in discrete probability distribution and dissertation statistics. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
The probability distribution that deals with this type of random variable is called the probability mass function (pmf).
There are various types of discrete probability distribution. They are as follows:
A random variable X is said to have a discrete probability distribution called the discrete uniform distribution if and only if its probability mass function (pmf) is given by the following:
P(X=x)= 1/n , for x=1,2,3,….,n
0, otherwise.
A random variable X is said to have a discrete probability distribution called the Bernoulli distribution if and only if its probability mass function (pmf) is given by the following:
P(X=x)= px (1-p)1-x, for x=0,1.
0, otherwise.
A random variable X is said to have a discrete probability distribution called the Binomial distribution if and only if its probability mass function (pmf) is given by the following:
P(X=x)= nCx px qn-x, for x=0,1,2,….n; q=1-p.
0, otherwise.
A random variable X is said to have a discrete probability distribution called the Binomial distribution if and only if its probability mass function (pmf) is given by the following:
P(X=x)= nCx px qn-x, for x=0,1,2,….n; q=1-p.
0, otherwise.
A random variable X is said to have a discrete probability distribution called Poisson distribution if and only if its probability mass function (pmf) is given by the following:
P(X=x)= e-k kx , for x=0,1,2,….; k>0
0, otherwise.
A random variable X is said to have a discrete probability distribution called the negative binomial distribution if and only if its probability mass function (pmf) is given by the following:
P(X=x)= x+r-1Cr-1 pr qx , for x=0,1,2,….
0, otherwise.
A random variable X is said to have a discrete probability distribution called the geometric distribution if and only if it is the following:
P(X=x)= qx p , for x=0,1,2,….; 0
0, otherwise.
A random variable X is said to have a discrete probability distribution called the hyper geometric distribution with the parameters N, M and n if it assumes only non negative values with the probability mass function as the following:
P(X=k)= MCk N-MCn-k / NCn, for k=0,1,2,….min(n,M).
0, otherwise.
Here, N is a positive integer. M is also a positive integer that does not exceed N and the positive integer n at most of N.
There is also the generalization of the discrete probability distribution called the binomial distribution. That generalized binomial distribution is called the multinomial distribution and is given in the following manner:
If x1,x2,…. xk are k types of random variables, then they are said to have the discrete probability distribution as the following:
p(x1,x2,…. xk)= (n!/ x1!x2!…. xk!) p1x1 p2x2….. pnxn , for k=0,1,2,….min(n,M).
A discrete random variable X is said to follow a discrete probability distribution called a generalized power series distribution if its probability mass function (pmf) is given by the following:
P(X=x)= ax hx/f(h); x=0,1,2…. ; ax>=0
0, elsewhere.
It should also be noted that in this discrete probability distribution, f(h) is a generating function s.t:
f(h)= 
ax hx , h>=0
so that f(h) is positive, finite and differentiable and S is a non empty countable sub-set of non negative integers.
Thursday, August 13, 2009
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a technique that is used to examine the differences among the means for two or more populations. In analysis of variance (ANOVA), the null hypothesis is always assumed as the fact that there is no significant difference in the means of the populations being examined.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in analysis of variance and statistical consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) should always have an interval or a ratio scaled dependent variable and one or more categorical independent variables. In analysis of variance (ANOVA), the categorical independent variables are generally called factors. A particular combination of factor levels or categories is often designated as treatments in analysis of variance (ANOVA).
An analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique consists of only one categorical independent variable. This single factor is used in a technique that is called one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). On the other hand, if an analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique consists of two or more than two categorical independent variables or factors, then that technique is called n way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Here, the term ‘n’ denotes the number of factors in analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Thus, there are two techniques of analysis of variance (ANOVA). The technique called one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used to understand the variation in the brand evaluation exposed to different types of commercials. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) can also be used to understand the difference of attitudes among the retailers, wholesalers and agents towards the distribution policy of a particular firm.
So, in general, the technique of one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a useful technique to test the similarity of means at one time by usage of their respective variances. It is for this reason that analysis of variance (ANOVA) has its name.
The F test statistic used in analysis of variance (ANOVA) is nothing but the ratio of the sample variances. This test in analysis of variance (ANOVA) is basically done to test the statistical significance of the variability of the components. In other words, we can say that this test is a measure of variance that is used in analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The n-way of analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used in understanding the variation in the consumer’s intentions to buy a particular brand of product with respect to different levels of price and different levels of distribution. In the field of psychology, the n-way of analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used in understanding the affect of the consumption of a particular brand in terms of the educational level of a person and the age of that person. This technique of analysis of variance (ANOVA) also helps in understanding the interaction in the levels of advertisement and the price level of the brand.
There are major assumptions that the researcher must follow while conducting analysis of variance (ANOVA). In analysis of variance (ANOVA), the sample drawn from the population must be independent of each other. The sample drawn from the population is assumed to be a normal population in analysis of variance (ANOVA). The variances in analysis of variance (ANOVA) should always be homogeneous in nature.
The following are the steps involved in conducting analysis of variance (ANOVA):
The first and foremost step in analysis of variance (ANOVA) is to identify the dependent and the independent variables. The next step is to disintegrate the total variation in analysis of variance (ANOVA). The third step involves the measurement of the effects while conducting analysis of variance (ANOVA). The fourth step is to test the significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA). And the last step is to interpret the results obtained after the analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in analysis of variance and statistical consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) should always have an interval or a ratio scaled dependent variable and one or more categorical independent variables. In analysis of variance (ANOVA), the categorical independent variables are generally called factors. A particular combination of factor levels or categories is often designated as treatments in analysis of variance (ANOVA).
An analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique consists of only one categorical independent variable. This single factor is used in a technique that is called one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). On the other hand, if an analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique consists of two or more than two categorical independent variables or factors, then that technique is called n way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Here, the term ‘n’ denotes the number of factors in analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Thus, there are two techniques of analysis of variance (ANOVA). The technique called one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used to understand the variation in the brand evaluation exposed to different types of commercials. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) can also be used to understand the difference of attitudes among the retailers, wholesalers and agents towards the distribution policy of a particular firm.
So, in general, the technique of one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a useful technique to test the similarity of means at one time by usage of their respective variances. It is for this reason that analysis of variance (ANOVA) has its name.
The F test statistic used in analysis of variance (ANOVA) is nothing but the ratio of the sample variances. This test in analysis of variance (ANOVA) is basically done to test the statistical significance of the variability of the components. In other words, we can say that this test is a measure of variance that is used in analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The n-way of analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used in understanding the variation in the consumer’s intentions to buy a particular brand of product with respect to different levels of price and different levels of distribution. In the field of psychology, the n-way of analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used in understanding the affect of the consumption of a particular brand in terms of the educational level of a person and the age of that person. This technique of analysis of variance (ANOVA) also helps in understanding the interaction in the levels of advertisement and the price level of the brand.
There are major assumptions that the researcher must follow while conducting analysis of variance (ANOVA). In analysis of variance (ANOVA), the sample drawn from the population must be independent of each other. The sample drawn from the population is assumed to be a normal population in analysis of variance (ANOVA). The variances in analysis of variance (ANOVA) should always be homogeneous in nature.
The following are the steps involved in conducting analysis of variance (ANOVA):
The first and foremost step in analysis of variance (ANOVA) is to identify the dependent and the independent variables. The next step is to disintegrate the total variation in analysis of variance (ANOVA). The third step involves the measurement of the effects while conducting analysis of variance (ANOVA). The fourth step is to test the significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA). And the last step is to interpret the results obtained after the analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Thursday, August 6, 2009
T-test
The idea behind parametric tests is to provide the researcher with a statistical inference about the population by conducting statistically significant tests (like t-test) on the sample drawn from the population. The parametric test called t-test is based on a student’s t statistic. This statistic in t-test assumes that variables are drawn from the normal population. The mean of the population in this statistic of t-test has been assumed to be known. The distribution of t-test, called t-distribution, has a similar shape to that of a normal distribution, i.e. a bell shaped appearance.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in statistical consulting and t-test analysis. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
The parametric test called t-test is useful for testing those samples whose size is less than 30. The reason behind this is that if the size of the sample is more than 30, then the distribution of the t-test and the normal distribution will not be distinguishable.
The parametric test called t-test is used for conducting statistically significant tests in the testing of hypotheses. There are basically three types of t-tests: one sample t-test, two independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test.
In the case of a one sample t-test, if a researcher in the field of psychology is working on a study where he wants to make sure that at least 65% of students will pass the IQ test, he can use the t-test. So, one sample t-test will be used after the hypothesis has been formulated in this particular case. The parametric test called t-test is then calculated by selecting an appropriate formula of t-test. In this case, the appropriate formulae will be a t-test for a single mean. A selection of the level of significance is conducted to check the t-test of the null hypothesis. Usually, the researcher takes 0.05 as the appropriate level of significance while conducting the t-test. The level of significance in the t-test refers to the minimum probability that there will be a false rejection of the null hypothesis. Now, if the value calculated from the t-test is more than the tabulated value, then the null hypothesis gets rejected at a particular level of significance. Similarly, if the value calculated from the t-test is less than the tabulated value, then the null hypothesis gets accepted at a particular level of significance.
In two independent sample t-tests, two samples that are not at all related to each other are tested. The main idea behind two independent sample t-tests is to draw out a statistical inference about the comparison of two independent samples of data. For example, in the field of psychology, if the researcher wants to compare the IQ level of students living in region A and region B, then a two independent sample t-test is useful. The region A and the region B are not at all related to each other, i.e. they are independent of each other. The procedure for conducting this t-test is the same, except that now the sample number is double instead of single. Also, in the case of t-test for single mean and two independent sample t-tests, there are different formulas for the degree of freedom. The degree of freedom is referred to as the restriction that a researcher puts forward while conducting parametric tests, like t-test in this case.
The paired sample t-test refers to that type of sample in which the variables form paired categories. For example, if a researcher wants to compare male and female smokers, paired sample t-test comes into play if the variable is in following form: male chain smoker and female chain smoker, male occasional smoker and female occasional smoker, etc.
Reference:
Introduction to the theory of statistics: Mood A.M., Graybill F.A., Boes D.C
Dissertation Statistics Consulting
What could possibly be more frustrating than getting a dissertation rejected and having to start over? There are few things as disheartening as this, as students spend an immense amount of time working on their dissertations. All this work, time and energy, however, can be wasted without Dissertation Statistics Consulting.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in dissertation statistics consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
Dissertation Statistics Consulting provides students with the tools needed to finish their dissertation in a timely manner and Dissertation Statistics Consulting ensures students get their dissertations accepted and approved.
Dissertation Statistics Consulting is invaluable as it can help students in every step of their dissertation. This is even true at the very beginning stages of writing a dissertation (which is when a student should seek Dissertation Statistics Consulting, as Dissertation Statistics Consulting is invaluable at the beginning stages!) One might think that choosing a topic would be easy. After all, students have spent countless hours in school researching and analyzing throughout their student careers. And yet, because dissertations are due at the end of a student’s academic career, oftentimes, it is the most difficult to complete. This is true because it is specifically at this time when time slips away from students as they are studying for final exams, writing other papers, etc. Dissertation Statistics Consulting can change all of this for the student, however, as Dissertation Statistics Consulting can help students every step of the way.
One way in which Dissertation Statistics Consulting will help a student is by providing a time-line of what needs to be done and when it needs to be done. Thus, Dissertation Statistics Consulting will help students stay on track and adhere to deadlines as Dissertation Statistics Consulting helps students manage time. Additionally, time will not be wasted doing fruitless research as Dissertation Statistics Consulting will guide students with all of the research that needs to be done.
Dissertation Statistics Consulting will provide students with the information that they need to do the proper research. This is true because Dissertation Statistics Consulting offers invaluable guidance and advice on what procedures need to be followed in research. And once the research is finished and compiled, Dissertation Statistics Consulting will help students understand all of the results of that research. Many students do not have the required skills and expertise to make sense of all of the data and research acquired. This is by no means the fault of the student and this is where Dissertation Statistics Consulting is most effective! Dissertation Statistics Consulting makes every single aspect of statistics understandable and manageable and therefore Dissertation Statistics Consulting is indispensable. Dissertation Statistics Consulting is clearly an easy and effective way to manage all that needs to be done in order to complete a dissertation.
Because Dissertation Statistics Consulting can be such an invaluable tool, it is important for a student to do adequate research on who they choose to help them in their Dissertation Statistics Consulting. Dissertation Statistics Consulting must come from trained professionals who are experts in their fields. People who offer Dissertation Statistics Consulting must know everything there is to know about statistics, and people who offer Dissertation Statistics Consulting must be motivated individuals who want to help students achieve the very best success. Additionally, people who offer Dissertation Statistics Consulting must be well qualified in the fields of science and computers as there is much software that the people offering Dissertation Statistics Consulting must know how to use. Finally, the people offering Dissertation Statistics Consulting must be able to communicate well with whomever they are working. Any miscommunication can result in a weaker dissertation and thus, people who offer Dissertation Statistics Consulting must be able to communicate effectively.
Clearly Dissertation Statistics Consulting is a huge benefit for students. In order for this benefit to be maximized, it is important for students to take advantage of Dissertation Statistics Consulting from the very beginning. This will prevent that feeling of complete despair and frustration when a student must start over, perform new tasks and redo research. Much can be gained from Dissertation Statistics Consulting as students who have the help of Dissertation Statistics Consulting will perform with great success.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in dissertation statistics consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
Dissertation Statistics Consulting provides students with the tools needed to finish their dissertation in a timely manner and Dissertation Statistics Consulting ensures students get their dissertations accepted and approved.
Dissertation Statistics Consulting is invaluable as it can help students in every step of their dissertation. This is even true at the very beginning stages of writing a dissertation (which is when a student should seek Dissertation Statistics Consulting, as Dissertation Statistics Consulting is invaluable at the beginning stages!) One might think that choosing a topic would be easy. After all, students have spent countless hours in school researching and analyzing throughout their student careers. And yet, because dissertations are due at the end of a student’s academic career, oftentimes, it is the most difficult to complete. This is true because it is specifically at this time when time slips away from students as they are studying for final exams, writing other papers, etc. Dissertation Statistics Consulting can change all of this for the student, however, as Dissertation Statistics Consulting can help students every step of the way.
One way in which Dissertation Statistics Consulting will help a student is by providing a time-line of what needs to be done and when it needs to be done. Thus, Dissertation Statistics Consulting will help students stay on track and adhere to deadlines as Dissertation Statistics Consulting helps students manage time. Additionally, time will not be wasted doing fruitless research as Dissertation Statistics Consulting will guide students with all of the research that needs to be done.
Dissertation Statistics Consulting will provide students with the information that they need to do the proper research. This is true because Dissertation Statistics Consulting offers invaluable guidance and advice on what procedures need to be followed in research. And once the research is finished and compiled, Dissertation Statistics Consulting will help students understand all of the results of that research. Many students do not have the required skills and expertise to make sense of all of the data and research acquired. This is by no means the fault of the student and this is where Dissertation Statistics Consulting is most effective! Dissertation Statistics Consulting makes every single aspect of statistics understandable and manageable and therefore Dissertation Statistics Consulting is indispensable. Dissertation Statistics Consulting is clearly an easy and effective way to manage all that needs to be done in order to complete a dissertation.
Because Dissertation Statistics Consulting can be such an invaluable tool, it is important for a student to do adequate research on who they choose to help them in their Dissertation Statistics Consulting. Dissertation Statistics Consulting must come from trained professionals who are experts in their fields. People who offer Dissertation Statistics Consulting must know everything there is to know about statistics, and people who offer Dissertation Statistics Consulting must be motivated individuals who want to help students achieve the very best success. Additionally, people who offer Dissertation Statistics Consulting must be well qualified in the fields of science and computers as there is much software that the people offering Dissertation Statistics Consulting must know how to use. Finally, the people offering Dissertation Statistics Consulting must be able to communicate well with whomever they are working. Any miscommunication can result in a weaker dissertation and thus, people who offer Dissertation Statistics Consulting must be able to communicate effectively.
Clearly Dissertation Statistics Consulting is a huge benefit for students. In order for this benefit to be maximized, it is important for students to take advantage of Dissertation Statistics Consulting from the very beginning. This will prevent that feeling of complete despair and frustration when a student must start over, perform new tasks and redo research. Much can be gained from Dissertation Statistics Consulting as students who have the help of Dissertation Statistics Consulting will perform with great success.
Monday, August 3, 2009
Multiple Regression
The process of multiple regression deals with the relationship of multiple types of independent variables (or predictor variables) and dependent variables (or criterion variables.) Basically, in the process of multiple regression, the dependent variables are modeled as a function of several independent variables to correspond to the coefficients of the multiple regression that comes along with the constant term. Since multiple regression consists of large numbers of observations, it is called multiple regression.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in multiple regression analysis and statistical consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
The multiple regression equation explained above takes the following form:
y = b1x1 + b2x2 + ... + bnxn + c.
Here, bi’s are the regression coefficients in Multiple regression (i=1,2…..n) which represents the value at which the criterion variable changes when the predictor variable changes simultaneously in Multiple regression.
For example, the test score of a student in an exam will be dependent on various factors, like his focus level while attending the class, his intake of food and sleep before an exam, etc. With the help of multiple regression, one can estimate the appropriate relationship among these factors.
Multiple regression in SPSS is done by selecting “Analyze” from the menu option. Then, from “Analyze,” select “regression” and from “regression,” select “Linear” and then “perform multiple regression.”
There are certain terminologies in multiple regression that help to better understand multiple regression.
The beta value in multiple regression is used in measuring how effectively the predictor variable influences the criterion variable. In multiple regression, it is measured in terms of standard deviation.
R in multiple regression is the measure of association between the observed value and the predicted value of the criterion variable. R Square or R2 in multiple regression is the square of the measure of association which indicates the variability in the criterion variable. Adjusted R2 in multiple regression takes the number of variables in the model and the number of data points in the model under consideration.
Assumptions
There should be proper specification of the model in multiple regression. This means that only relevant variables must be included in the multiple regression model. This means that in multiple regression, the model should be reliable.
Linearity must be assumed in multiple regression. This means that in multiple regression, the model should be linear in nature.
Normality must be assumed in multiple regression. This means that in multiple regression, variables must have a normal distribution.
Homoscedasticity must be assumed in multiple regression. This means that in multiple regression, the variability in errors must be the same across all levels.
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