Descriptive measure

Descriptive measure is basically a type of measure that deals with quantitative data in a mass that shows certain kinds of general characteristics. Descriptive measure is generally of different types for the different types of characteristics of data. This document will detail the different types of descriptive measure.

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A tendency that depicts the absorption around specific values, especially around the center, is called the descriptive measure of central tendency. This descriptive measure depicts the central tendency in data that should satisfy several properties. These properties were discussed by the famous statistician, Professor Yule.

The descriptive measure that shows the central tendency must be strictly defined. The descriptive measure that shows this tendency is generally flexible and simple to calculate and understand. The descriptive measure that exhibits such kinds of tendencies must be based on all the observations. The descriptive measure that has this kind of tendency must be adaptable for any kind of mathematical treatment. The descriptive measure that has such tendencies must not get affected by the extreme values in the observations.

The arithmetic mean is the descriptive measure that depicts the centering of the observations. The descriptive measure is defined as the overall sum of the observations in the data that are divided by the number of the observations in the data. This descriptive measure follows the main conditions of the properties that are explained by Professor Yule. The major limitation of the descriptive measure that shows central tendency is that such a descriptive measure cannot be obtained by inspection. This descriptive measure that shows the central tendency cannot be located graphically. This type of descriptive measure that depicts the central tendency cannot be calculated by the researcher if any particular observation is missing from the data. This descriptive measure, which shows the central tendency, is not applicable for that kind of data that shows qualitative characteristics.

The descriptive measure that shows the central tendency also has a descriptive measure called the weighted mean. This descriptive measure also works in a similar manner to arithmetic mean, except for the fact that this descriptive measure attaches weights to the items under consideration according to their importance in the life of the user. For example, if one wants to obtain the cost of living of a certain group of people, then the arithmetic mean descriptive measure will give importance to all the commodities, while the weighted mean descriptive measure gives more weight to certain commodities.

Median is another type of descriptive measure that depicts the central tendency. This descriptive measure is the only measure that is applicable when the researcher is dealing with qualitative data. This descriptive measure is defined as the value that conducts the partition of the data into two equal parts. The limitation of this kind of descriptive measure is that this measure is not adaptable to the algebraic treatment. Also, this kind of descriptive measure is not at all based on all the observations. If the observations are of even numbers, then this descriptive measure cannot be determined appropriately. This descriptive measure is used by the researcher to address the various issues, like the problem concerning wages, the distribution of wealth, etc.

Dissertation Statistics Services

Though every student dreams of finishing his or her dissertation on-time and successfully, unfortunately, that is not usually the case. This is because many students struggle greatly when it comes to writing their dissertation. Oftentimes real life gets in the way, and deadlines get pushed aside for other tests, papers and life circumstances. And though the dissertation is the most important aspect of a student’s career, it oftentimes goes on the back burner as students are overwhelmed with the entire process of writing the dissertation.

There is help available, however, and this help comes in the form of dissertation statistics services. Dissertation statistics services are provided by dissertation consultants and dissertation consulting firms. These dissertation consultants offering dissertation statistics services are well versed in every single aspect of the dissertation. Dissertation statistics services, then, can provide relief to the struggling student as dissertation statistics services can step in and help the student finish the dissertation.

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One of the most difficult aspects of writing a dissertation is the statistics portion of the dissertation. Dissertation statistics services can help the student with their statistics needs as dissertation statistics services can offer one-on-one statistics help. The statistics in the dissertation need to be absolutely precise, and for this reason, dissertation statistics services can prove to be invaluable. In other words, dissertation statistics services can provide help on the most challenging aspect of the dissertation.

Dissertation statistics services can provide help every single step of the way as dissertation statistics services are offered by experts who are trained in statistics. Dissertation statistics services can therefore be helpful in the very beginning of a project as dissertation statistics services can offer valuable feedback as to whether or not the topic can actually be studied, and whether or not proper statistics can be obtained on the topic of study. Dissertation statistics services will ensure that the student chooses a suitable topic and this can save the student an incredible amount of time as some students get started on their topic only to realize that it cannot or should not be studied.

Dissertation statistics services also provide help, assistance and guidance on the statistics portion of the dissertation. Dissertation statistics services will guide the student every step of the way as they try to gather data, interpret that data and use that data to write a thesis and a dissertation. Many students are not well prepared for the statistics portion of the dissertation and this is not the students’ fault. In fact, most students spend their time studying their field of expertise, not studying statistics. For this reason, dissertation statistics services can prove to be invaluable as dissertation statistics services can step in and explain everything that needs to be explained about statistics. Dissertation statistics services provided by statistical consultants are trained to offer expert advice in statistics as most people offering this advice are statisticians. Additionally, most dissertation consulting firms are staffed with people who themselves have received their PhD and who therefore have written a dissertation. As such, the people who offer dissertation statics services know just how difficult it can be to write a dissertation. The people who offer dissertation statistics services know, for example, that a timeline is necessary if a dissertation is to be completed on time. Dissertation statistics services offer guidance and support to the student to make that timeline and what’s more, dissertation statistics services makes sure that that timeline is followed precisely.

Acquiring dissertation statistics services can be the best decision a student can make. And while all students dream of finishing their dissertation easily, on-time, and successfully, oftentimes this is not possible without the help of dissertation statistics services.

Sample Size

Sample size calculation is one of the crucial steps in statistical analyses. The extraction of the sample size is generally a tedious process in the preparation of a particular statistical study.

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The statistical studies that consist of various kinds of surveys, experiments, observational studies, etc. always give valid conclusions only if they are appropriately and significantly planned by keeping certain things in mind. These things include the reliability of the instruments to be used for measuring, the appropriate understanding of the problem, and the determination of an adequate sample size.

Because type II errors are generally committed by the researcher due to inadequate sample size, some clinical trial sample size calculation programs have been developed. This sample size calculation program has been specifically designed in order to avoid Type II errors which are a serious kind of error, especially in the field of medicine.

The sample size program can be downloaded from some clinical related websites. This sample size calculation program also has certain programs which can be used for computing the group sequential boundaries. The sample size calculation program is generally located in the bottom half of the window that is downloaded from the clinical website.

The sample size program is generally written in the form of java programming language. This means that the sample size determination program can run on any kind of computer provided if it has the java runtime environment (JRE). Generally, MS Windows has the java runtime environment (JRE) enabled in them and the sample size.jar file can be directly executed from window explorer.

JRE can be downloaded with the help of some java related websites. After that is complete, one can run sample size calculation programs on the computer. The sample size calculation program can also be run in a non MS windows using the command prompt “java-jar sample size.jar.”

The sample size calculation program consists of a file menu which has three tabs, namely dichotomous, continuous and survival.

The sample size calculation program for the dichotomous type of response has variables like ‘yes or no,’ ‘heads and tails,’ ‘presence or absence,’ etc. In the sample size calculation program, it is assumed that the user who will be working on the sample size calculation should be well versed with the different parameters.

There is also a calculate button in the screen of the sample size calculation program. This button can help the user to perform different sorts of sample size calculations, like calculate power, etc. In the case where the sample size calculation is not possible, then it warns the user with a popup message, and thus no calculation will be performed.

For the sample size calculation program for the continuous response variables, the screen is divided into two halves.

In the one half there is sample size calculation, and in the other half there is the saved results. The user using the sample size calculation program can provide the values in any open cells in the calculation section. Similar to the dichotomous case, if the sample size calculation is not possible, then the warning message of “no calculation” appears on the screen as a popup message.

In the case of survival, the sample size calculation program is done on those kinds of variables where the primary variable is the occurrence of some event.