Continuous probability distribution is that type of distribution that deals with continuous type of data or random variables. The continuous random variables deal with different kinds of continuous probability distribution.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in continuous probability distribution and dissertation statistics. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
There are different continuous probability distributions.
A normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution with parameters µ ( called the mean) and s2 (called the variance) that have a range of -8 to +8. Its continuous probability distribution is given by the following:
f(x;µ, s)= (1/ s p) exp(-0.5 (x-µ)2/ s2).
This type of continuous probability distribution plays a crucial role in statistical theory for several reasons. Most of the distributions, like binomial, poisson and hyper geometric distributions are approximated with the help of this continuous probability distribution.
This continuous probability distribution finds a large number of applications in Statistical Quality Control.
This type of continuous probability distribution is used widely in the study of large sample theory where normality is involved. Sample statistics can be best studied with the help of the curves of this type of continuous probability distribution.
The overall theory of significance tests (like t test, F test, etc.) are entirely based upon the fundamental assumption that the parent population belongs to this type of continuous probability distribution.
Even if the variable is not following this type of continuous probability distribution, then it can be transformed into this type of continuous probability distribution.
A gamma distribution is a continuous probability distribution with the parameter ‘d>0’that has a range of 0 to 8. Its continuous probability distribution is given by the following:
f(x)= exp(-x) xd-1/
This type of continuous probability distribution has a property called the additive property. This property states that the sum of the independent variates of this continuous probability distribution is equal to the variate of this continuous probability distribution.
A beta distribution of the first kind is a continuous probability distribution with the parameters µ>0 and v>0 that has the range of 0 to 1. Its continuous probability distribution is given by the following:
f(x)= (1/B(µ,v)) xµ-1 (1-x)v-1
A beta distribution of the second kind is a continuous probability distribution with the parameters µ>0 and v>0 that has the range of 0 to 8. Its continuous probability distribution is given by the following:
f(x)= (1/B(µ,v)) xµ-1 (1+x)v+µ
An exponential distribution is a continuous probability distribution with the parameter ‘c’ >0 that has the range of 0 to 8. Its continuous probability distribution is given by the following:
f(x,c)= c exp(-cx)
A standard laplace or double exponential distribution is a continuous probability distribution with no parameter. The reason that there is no parameter in this type of continuous probability distribution is because this continuous probability distribution is standardized in nature. Thus, this continuous probability distribution does not have any parameters. Its continuous probability distribution is given by the following:
f(x)= 0.5 exp (- )
A weibul distribution is a continuous probability distribution with three parameters c(>0), a(>0) and µ that has the range of µ to 8. Its continuous probability distribution is given by the following:
f(x;c,a,µ) = (c (x-µ/a)c-1)/ a exp (-(x-µ/a)c)
A logistic distribution is a continuous probability distribution with parameter a and ß. This type of continuous probability distribution is used widely as a growth function in population and other demographic studies. This type of continuous probability distribution is considered to be the mixture of the extreme values of the distributions.
A Cauchy distribution is a continuous probability distribution with parameter ‘l’ > 0 and ‘µ.’ This type of continuous probability distribution has the range of -8 to +8. The continuous probability distribution is given by the following:
f(x)= l/p(l2+(x-µ)2)
This type of continuous probability distribution follows the additive property as stated above. The type of continuous probability distribution plays a role in providing counter examples.
Thursday, December 17, 2009
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Chi-square
Chi square is defined as the square of the standard normal variable. There are certain chi square tests and they are discussed below in a detailed manner.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in chi square and dissertation statistics. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
A cross tabulation is also a kind of chi square test that is used by the researcher in order to test the statistical significance of the correlation that is observed in the study. The chi square test is used by the researcher to determine the strength of the association in the objects under study.
The researcher should note that the greater the difference between the observed value of the cell frequency and the expected value of the cell frequency, the larger the value of the statistic of the chi square. This means that the difference of the observed value and the expected value in the chi square test is directly proportional to the value of the chi square statistic in the chi square test.
To determine the association or the correlation between the two variables that exist in the chi square test, the probability that is computed for obtaining the value of the chi square must be larger or greater, or must have a higher value than the one obtained, which is computed from the chi square test of cross tabulation.
Another popular chi square test is the goodness of fit test. This goodness of fit in the chi square test helps the researcher to understand whether or not the sample that is collected from some population belongs to some specific distribution. This chi square test is basically applicable in cases where the discrete type of probability distributions is involved, like Poisson distribution, binomial distribution, etc. This chi square test is an alternative to the non parametric type of test, called the Kolmogorov Smirnov goodness of fit test.
The null hypothesis that the researcher assumes in this chi square test is that the drawn data from the population follows the distribution. The definition of the statistic used in the chi square test is the same, which is the sum of the square of the deviation between the observed and the expected frequency that is divided by the expected frequency. An important point related to the validity of this type of chi square test is that the expected number of cell frequencies should be less than five.
Researchers generally assume certain assumptions in the chi square test, and on the basis of those assumptions, only the chi square test is carried out.
The first assumption in the chi square test is that the sampling of the data is collected by the process of random sampling from the population.
A sample size that is sufficiently large is assumed in the chi square test. The chi square test that is conducted on the sample of a smaller size results in the drawing of an inaccurate inference about the data. If the researcher conducts the chi square test on a small sample size, then it may happen that the researcher might end up committing a Type II error.
As in all other significant tests, it is assumed that in the chi square test, the observations are always independent of each other.
The last assumption that is made in the chi square test is that the observations in the sample must acquire the same fundamental distribution.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in chi square and dissertation statistics. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
A cross tabulation is also a kind of chi square test that is used by the researcher in order to test the statistical significance of the correlation that is observed in the study. The chi square test is used by the researcher to determine the strength of the association in the objects under study.
The researcher should note that the greater the difference between the observed value of the cell frequency and the expected value of the cell frequency, the larger the value of the statistic of the chi square. This means that the difference of the observed value and the expected value in the chi square test is directly proportional to the value of the chi square statistic in the chi square test.
To determine the association or the correlation between the two variables that exist in the chi square test, the probability that is computed for obtaining the value of the chi square must be larger or greater, or must have a higher value than the one obtained, which is computed from the chi square test of cross tabulation.
Another popular chi square test is the goodness of fit test. This goodness of fit in the chi square test helps the researcher to understand whether or not the sample that is collected from some population belongs to some specific distribution. This chi square test is basically applicable in cases where the discrete type of probability distributions is involved, like Poisson distribution, binomial distribution, etc. This chi square test is an alternative to the non parametric type of test, called the Kolmogorov Smirnov goodness of fit test.
The null hypothesis that the researcher assumes in this chi square test is that the drawn data from the population follows the distribution. The definition of the statistic used in the chi square test is the same, which is the sum of the square of the deviation between the observed and the expected frequency that is divided by the expected frequency. An important point related to the validity of this type of chi square test is that the expected number of cell frequencies should be less than five.
Researchers generally assume certain assumptions in the chi square test, and on the basis of those assumptions, only the chi square test is carried out.
The first assumption in the chi square test is that the sampling of the data is collected by the process of random sampling from the population.
A sample size that is sufficiently large is assumed in the chi square test. The chi square test that is conducted on the sample of a smaller size results in the drawing of an inaccurate inference about the data. If the researcher conducts the chi square test on a small sample size, then it may happen that the researcher might end up committing a Type II error.
As in all other significant tests, it is assumed that in the chi square test, the observations are always independent of each other.
The last assumption that is made in the chi square test is that the observations in the sample must acquire the same fundamental distribution.
Tuesday, November 24, 2009
Descriptive measure
Descriptive measure is basically a type of measure that deals with quantitative data in a mass that shows certain kinds of general characteristics. Descriptive measure is generally of different types for the different types of characteristics of data. This document will detail the different types of descriptive measure.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in descriptive measure and dissertation statistics. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
A tendency that depicts the absorption around specific values, especially around the center, is called the descriptive measure of central tendency. This descriptive measure depicts the central tendency in data that should satisfy several properties. These properties were discussed by the famous statistician, Professor Yule.
The descriptive measure that shows the central tendency must be strictly defined. The descriptive measure that shows this tendency is generally flexible and simple to calculate and understand. The descriptive measure that exhibits such kinds of tendencies must be based on all the observations. The descriptive measure that has this kind of tendency must be adaptable for any kind of mathematical treatment. The descriptive measure that has such tendencies must not get affected by the extreme values in the observations.
The arithmetic mean is the descriptive measure that depicts the centering of the observations. The descriptive measure is defined as the overall sum of the observations in the data that are divided by the number of the observations in the data. This descriptive measure follows the main conditions of the properties that are explained by Professor Yule. The major limitation of the descriptive measure that shows central tendency is that such a descriptive measure cannot be obtained by inspection. This descriptive measure that shows the central tendency cannot be located graphically. This type of descriptive measure that depicts the central tendency cannot be calculated by the researcher if any particular observation is missing from the data. This descriptive measure, which shows the central tendency, is not applicable for that kind of data that shows qualitative characteristics.
The descriptive measure that shows the central tendency also has a descriptive measure called the weighted mean. This descriptive measure also works in a similar manner to arithmetic mean, except for the fact that this descriptive measure attaches weights to the items under consideration according to their importance in the life of the user. For example, if one wants to obtain the cost of living of a certain group of people, then the arithmetic mean descriptive measure will give importance to all the commodities, while the weighted mean descriptive measure gives more weight to certain commodities.
Median is another type of descriptive measure that depicts the central tendency. This descriptive measure is the only measure that is applicable when the researcher is dealing with qualitative data. This descriptive measure is defined as the value that conducts the partition of the data into two equal parts. The limitation of this kind of descriptive measure is that this measure is not adaptable to the algebraic treatment. Also, this kind of descriptive measure is not at all based on all the observations. If the observations are of even numbers, then this descriptive measure cannot be determined appropriately. This descriptive measure is used by the researcher to address the various issues, like the problem concerning wages, the distribution of wealth, etc.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in descriptive measure and dissertation statistics. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
A tendency that depicts the absorption around specific values, especially around the center, is called the descriptive measure of central tendency. This descriptive measure depicts the central tendency in data that should satisfy several properties. These properties were discussed by the famous statistician, Professor Yule.
The descriptive measure that shows the central tendency must be strictly defined. The descriptive measure that shows this tendency is generally flexible and simple to calculate and understand. The descriptive measure that exhibits such kinds of tendencies must be based on all the observations. The descriptive measure that has this kind of tendency must be adaptable for any kind of mathematical treatment. The descriptive measure that has such tendencies must not get affected by the extreme values in the observations.
The arithmetic mean is the descriptive measure that depicts the centering of the observations. The descriptive measure is defined as the overall sum of the observations in the data that are divided by the number of the observations in the data. This descriptive measure follows the main conditions of the properties that are explained by Professor Yule. The major limitation of the descriptive measure that shows central tendency is that such a descriptive measure cannot be obtained by inspection. This descriptive measure that shows the central tendency cannot be located graphically. This type of descriptive measure that depicts the central tendency cannot be calculated by the researcher if any particular observation is missing from the data. This descriptive measure, which shows the central tendency, is not applicable for that kind of data that shows qualitative characteristics.
The descriptive measure that shows the central tendency also has a descriptive measure called the weighted mean. This descriptive measure also works in a similar manner to arithmetic mean, except for the fact that this descriptive measure attaches weights to the items under consideration according to their importance in the life of the user. For example, if one wants to obtain the cost of living of a certain group of people, then the arithmetic mean descriptive measure will give importance to all the commodities, while the weighted mean descriptive measure gives more weight to certain commodities.
Median is another type of descriptive measure that depicts the central tendency. This descriptive measure is the only measure that is applicable when the researcher is dealing with qualitative data. This descriptive measure is defined as the value that conducts the partition of the data into two equal parts. The limitation of this kind of descriptive measure is that this measure is not adaptable to the algebraic treatment. Also, this kind of descriptive measure is not at all based on all the observations. If the observations are of even numbers, then this descriptive measure cannot be determined appropriately. This descriptive measure is used by the researcher to address the various issues, like the problem concerning wages, the distribution of wealth, etc.
Thursday, November 12, 2009
Dissertation Statistics Services
Though every student dreams of finishing his or her dissertation on-time and successfully, unfortunately, that is not usually the case. This is because many students struggle greatly when it comes to writing their dissertation. Oftentimes real life gets in the way, and deadlines get pushed aside for other tests, papers and life circumstances. And though the dissertation is the most important aspect of a student’s career, it oftentimes goes on the back burner as students are overwhelmed with the entire process of writing the dissertation.
There is help available, however, and this help comes in the form of dissertation statistics services. Dissertation statistics services are provided by dissertation consultants and dissertation consulting firms. These dissertation consultants offering dissertation statistics services are well versed in every single aspect of the dissertation. Dissertation statistics services, then, can provide relief to the struggling student as dissertation statistics services can step in and help the student finish the dissertation.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in dissertation statistics services. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
One of the most difficult aspects of writing a dissertation is the statistics portion of the dissertation. Dissertation statistics services can help the student with their statistics needs as dissertation statistics services can offer one-on-one statistics help. The statistics in the dissertation need to be absolutely precise, and for this reason, dissertation statistics services can prove to be invaluable. In other words, dissertation statistics services can provide help on the most challenging aspect of the dissertation.
Dissertation statistics services can provide help every single step of the way as dissertation statistics services are offered by experts who are trained in statistics. Dissertation statistics services can therefore be helpful in the very beginning of a project as dissertation statistics services can offer valuable feedback as to whether or not the topic can actually be studied, and whether or not proper statistics can be obtained on the topic of study. Dissertation statistics services will ensure that the student chooses a suitable topic and this can save the student an incredible amount of time as some students get started on their topic only to realize that it cannot or should not be studied.
Dissertation statistics services also provide help, assistance and guidance on the statistics portion of the dissertation. Dissertation statistics services will guide the student every step of the way as they try to gather data, interpret that data and use that data to write a thesis and a dissertation. Many students are not well prepared for the statistics portion of the dissertation and this is not the students’ fault. In fact, most students spend their time studying their field of expertise, not studying statistics. For this reason, dissertation statistics services can prove to be invaluable as dissertation statistics services can step in and explain everything that needs to be explained about statistics. Dissertation statistics services provided by statistical consultants are trained to offer expert advice in statistics as most people offering this advice are statisticians. Additionally, most dissertation consulting firms are staffed with people who themselves have received their PhD and who therefore have written a dissertation. As such, the people who offer dissertation statics services know just how difficult it can be to write a dissertation. The people who offer dissertation statistics services know, for example, that a timeline is necessary if a dissertation is to be completed on time. Dissertation statistics services offer guidance and support to the student to make that timeline and what’s more, dissertation statistics services makes sure that that timeline is followed precisely.
Acquiring dissertation statistics services can be the best decision a student can make. And while all students dream of finishing their dissertation easily, on-time, and successfully, oftentimes this is not possible without the help of dissertation statistics services.
There is help available, however, and this help comes in the form of dissertation statistics services. Dissertation statistics services are provided by dissertation consultants and dissertation consulting firms. These dissertation consultants offering dissertation statistics services are well versed in every single aspect of the dissertation. Dissertation statistics services, then, can provide relief to the struggling student as dissertation statistics services can step in and help the student finish the dissertation.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in dissertation statistics services. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
One of the most difficult aspects of writing a dissertation is the statistics portion of the dissertation. Dissertation statistics services can help the student with their statistics needs as dissertation statistics services can offer one-on-one statistics help. The statistics in the dissertation need to be absolutely precise, and for this reason, dissertation statistics services can prove to be invaluable. In other words, dissertation statistics services can provide help on the most challenging aspect of the dissertation.
Dissertation statistics services can provide help every single step of the way as dissertation statistics services are offered by experts who are trained in statistics. Dissertation statistics services can therefore be helpful in the very beginning of a project as dissertation statistics services can offer valuable feedback as to whether or not the topic can actually be studied, and whether or not proper statistics can be obtained on the topic of study. Dissertation statistics services will ensure that the student chooses a suitable topic and this can save the student an incredible amount of time as some students get started on their topic only to realize that it cannot or should not be studied.
Dissertation statistics services also provide help, assistance and guidance on the statistics portion of the dissertation. Dissertation statistics services will guide the student every step of the way as they try to gather data, interpret that data and use that data to write a thesis and a dissertation. Many students are not well prepared for the statistics portion of the dissertation and this is not the students’ fault. In fact, most students spend their time studying their field of expertise, not studying statistics. For this reason, dissertation statistics services can prove to be invaluable as dissertation statistics services can step in and explain everything that needs to be explained about statistics. Dissertation statistics services provided by statistical consultants are trained to offer expert advice in statistics as most people offering this advice are statisticians. Additionally, most dissertation consulting firms are staffed with people who themselves have received their PhD and who therefore have written a dissertation. As such, the people who offer dissertation statics services know just how difficult it can be to write a dissertation. The people who offer dissertation statistics services know, for example, that a timeline is necessary if a dissertation is to be completed on time. Dissertation statistics services offer guidance and support to the student to make that timeline and what’s more, dissertation statistics services makes sure that that timeline is followed precisely.
Acquiring dissertation statistics services can be the best decision a student can make. And while all students dream of finishing their dissertation easily, on-time, and successfully, oftentimes this is not possible without the help of dissertation statistics services.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Sample Size
Sample size calculation is one of the crucial steps in statistical analyses. The extraction of the sample size is generally a tedious process in the preparation of a particular statistical study.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in sample size calculation and dissertation statistics consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
The statistical studies that consist of various kinds of surveys, experiments, observational studies, etc. always give valid conclusions only if they are appropriately and significantly planned by keeping certain things in mind. These things include the reliability of the instruments to be used for measuring, the appropriate understanding of the problem, and the determination of an adequate sample size.
Because type II errors are generally committed by the researcher due to inadequate sample size, some clinical trial sample size calculation programs have been developed. This sample size calculation program has been specifically designed in order to avoid Type II errors which are a serious kind of error, especially in the field of medicine.
The sample size program can be downloaded from some clinical related websites. This sample size calculation program also has certain programs which can be used for computing the group sequential boundaries. The sample size calculation program is generally located in the bottom half of the window that is downloaded from the clinical website.
The sample size program is generally written in the form of java programming language. This means that the sample size determination program can run on any kind of computer provided if it has the java runtime environment (JRE). Generally, MS Windows has the java runtime environment (JRE) enabled in them and the sample size.jar file can be directly executed from window explorer.
JRE can be downloaded with the help of some java related websites. After that is complete, one can run sample size calculation programs on the computer. The sample size calculation program can also be run in a non MS windows using the command prompt “java-jar sample size.jar.”
The sample size calculation program consists of a file menu which has three tabs, namely dichotomous, continuous and survival.
The sample size calculation program for the dichotomous type of response has variables like ‘yes or no,’ ‘heads and tails,’ ‘presence or absence,’ etc. In the sample size calculation program, it is assumed that the user who will be working on the sample size calculation should be well versed with the different parameters.
There is also a calculate button in the screen of the sample size calculation program. This button can help the user to perform different sorts of sample size calculations, like calculate power, etc. In the case where the sample size calculation is not possible, then it warns the user with a popup message, and thus no calculation will be performed.
For the sample size calculation program for the continuous response variables, the screen is divided into two halves.
In the one half there is sample size calculation, and in the other half there is the saved results. The user using the sample size calculation program can provide the values in any open cells in the calculation section. Similar to the dichotomous case, if the sample size calculation is not possible, then the warning message of “no calculation” appears on the screen as a popup message.
In the case of survival, the sample size calculation program is done on those kinds of variables where the primary variable is the occurrence of some event.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in sample size calculation and dissertation statistics consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
The statistical studies that consist of various kinds of surveys, experiments, observational studies, etc. always give valid conclusions only if they are appropriately and significantly planned by keeping certain things in mind. These things include the reliability of the instruments to be used for measuring, the appropriate understanding of the problem, and the determination of an adequate sample size.
Because type II errors are generally committed by the researcher due to inadequate sample size, some clinical trial sample size calculation programs have been developed. This sample size calculation program has been specifically designed in order to avoid Type II errors which are a serious kind of error, especially in the field of medicine.
The sample size program can be downloaded from some clinical related websites. This sample size calculation program also has certain programs which can be used for computing the group sequential boundaries. The sample size calculation program is generally located in the bottom half of the window that is downloaded from the clinical website.
The sample size program is generally written in the form of java programming language. This means that the sample size determination program can run on any kind of computer provided if it has the java runtime environment (JRE). Generally, MS Windows has the java runtime environment (JRE) enabled in them and the sample size.jar file can be directly executed from window explorer.
JRE can be downloaded with the help of some java related websites. After that is complete, one can run sample size calculation programs on the computer. The sample size calculation program can also be run in a non MS windows using the command prompt “java-jar sample size.jar.”
The sample size calculation program consists of a file menu which has three tabs, namely dichotomous, continuous and survival.
The sample size calculation program for the dichotomous type of response has variables like ‘yes or no,’ ‘heads and tails,’ ‘presence or absence,’ etc. In the sample size calculation program, it is assumed that the user who will be working on the sample size calculation should be well versed with the different parameters.
There is also a calculate button in the screen of the sample size calculation program. This button can help the user to perform different sorts of sample size calculations, like calculate power, etc. In the case where the sample size calculation is not possible, then it warns the user with a popup message, and thus no calculation will be performed.
For the sample size calculation program for the continuous response variables, the screen is divided into two halves.
In the one half there is sample size calculation, and in the other half there is the saved results. The user using the sample size calculation program can provide the values in any open cells in the calculation section. Similar to the dichotomous case, if the sample size calculation is not possible, then the warning message of “no calculation” appears on the screen as a popup message.
In the case of survival, the sample size calculation program is done on those kinds of variables where the primary variable is the occurrence of some event.
Wednesday, October 28, 2009
Descriptive measure
Descriptive measure can be defined as the kind of measure dealing with the quantitative data in a mass that exhibits certain general characteristics. The descriptive measure has different types, all depending on the different characteristics of the data. Because there are different measures for the different types of data, this document will discuss these different descriptive measures.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in descriptive measure and dissertation statistics. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
First, the descriptive measure of deviation or dispersion is a descriptive measure that measures the extent to which an individual item can vary. Professor Yule has laid out certain properties that the descriptive measure of deviation of the data should satisfy.
For one, the descriptive measure of deviation needs to be rigidly defined. Additionally, the descriptive measure should be easy to understand and it should also be flexible in calculation. This descriptive measure should also be based on every observation. Further, the descriptive measure should be open to any further mathematical treatment. And finally, the descriptive measure should not be affected by fluctuations in the sampling.
Whenever a researcher wants to make a comparison in the variability of the two series which differs widely in their averages, then the researcher calculates the coefficient of dispersion based on different types of descriptive measures of deviation or dispersion. There are four coefficients of dispersion based on different descriptive measures of dispersion or deviation: range, quartile deviation, mean deviation and standard deviation.
The coefficient of variation is a hundred times the coefficient of dispersion that is based on the descriptive measure of dispersion which is standard deviation.
The data in a frequency distribution may fall into symmetrical or asymmetrical patterns and this measure of the direction and degree of asymmetry is called the descriptive measure of skewness. The descriptive measure of skewness refers to lack of symmetry. The researcher studies the descriptive measure of skewness in order to have knowledge about the shape and size of the curve through which the researcher can draw an inference about the given distribution.
A distribution is said to follow the descriptive measure of skewness if mean, mode and median fall at different points. This type of descriptive measure will also follow in the case when quartiles are not equidistant from the median and also in the case when the curve drawn from the given data is not symmetrical.
There are three descriptive measure of skewness.
The first type of descriptive measure of skewness is M- Md, where Md is the median of the distribution.
The second type of descriptive measure of skewness is M-M0, where M0 is the mode of the distribution.
The third type of descriptive measure of skewness is (Q3- Md)-( Md – Q1).
These are also types of absolute descriptive measures of skewness.
The researcher calculates the relative measure for the descriptive measure called the coefficients of skewness which are the pure numbers of independent units of the measurements.
Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness for the descriptive measure of skewness is the first type of coefficient of skewness that is based on mean, median and mode. This coefficient for the descriptive measure of skewness is positive if the value of the mean is more than the value of mode. Or, the median and the coefficient for the descriptive measure of skewness is negative if the value of mode or median is more than the mean.
Bowley’s coefficient of skewness for the descriptive measure of skewness is the second type of coefficient of skewness that is based on the quartiles. This type of coefficient of skewness for the descriptive measure of skewness is used in those cases where the mode is ill defined and the extreme values are present in the observation. It is also used in cases where the distribution has open end classes or unequal intervals.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in descriptive measure and dissertation statistics. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
First, the descriptive measure of deviation or dispersion is a descriptive measure that measures the extent to which an individual item can vary. Professor Yule has laid out certain properties that the descriptive measure of deviation of the data should satisfy.
For one, the descriptive measure of deviation needs to be rigidly defined. Additionally, the descriptive measure should be easy to understand and it should also be flexible in calculation. This descriptive measure should also be based on every observation. Further, the descriptive measure should be open to any further mathematical treatment. And finally, the descriptive measure should not be affected by fluctuations in the sampling.
Whenever a researcher wants to make a comparison in the variability of the two series which differs widely in their averages, then the researcher calculates the coefficient of dispersion based on different types of descriptive measures of deviation or dispersion. There are four coefficients of dispersion based on different descriptive measures of dispersion or deviation: range, quartile deviation, mean deviation and standard deviation.
The coefficient of variation is a hundred times the coefficient of dispersion that is based on the descriptive measure of dispersion which is standard deviation.
The data in a frequency distribution may fall into symmetrical or asymmetrical patterns and this measure of the direction and degree of asymmetry is called the descriptive measure of skewness. The descriptive measure of skewness refers to lack of symmetry. The researcher studies the descriptive measure of skewness in order to have knowledge about the shape and size of the curve through which the researcher can draw an inference about the given distribution.
A distribution is said to follow the descriptive measure of skewness if mean, mode and median fall at different points. This type of descriptive measure will also follow in the case when quartiles are not equidistant from the median and also in the case when the curve drawn from the given data is not symmetrical.
There are three descriptive measure of skewness.
The first type of descriptive measure of skewness is M- Md, where Md is the median of the distribution.
The second type of descriptive measure of skewness is M-M0, where M0 is the mode of the distribution.
The third type of descriptive measure of skewness is (Q3- Md)-( Md – Q1).
These are also types of absolute descriptive measures of skewness.
The researcher calculates the relative measure for the descriptive measure called the coefficients of skewness which are the pure numbers of independent units of the measurements.
Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness for the descriptive measure of skewness is the first type of coefficient of skewness that is based on mean, median and mode. This coefficient for the descriptive measure of skewness is positive if the value of the mean is more than the value of mode. Or, the median and the coefficient for the descriptive measure of skewness is negative if the value of mode or median is more than the mean.
Bowley’s coefficient of skewness for the descriptive measure of skewness is the second type of coefficient of skewness that is based on the quartiles. This type of coefficient of skewness for the descriptive measure of skewness is used in those cases where the mode is ill defined and the extreme values are present in the observation. It is also used in cases where the distribution has open end classes or unequal intervals.
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Dissertation Statistics
Dissertation statistics are the statistics that are necessary to prove your thesis, and dissertation statistics are the most crucial part of your dissertation. And though dissertation statistics are the most critical part of any dissertation, many doctoral students neither have the training nor the experience with statistics to perform the dissertation statistics correctly.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in dissertation statistics consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
Dissertation statistics are difficult and challenging for doctoral students because for many doctoral students, dissertation statistics are the first time that the student encounters so much data and so much information that needs to be processed, analyzed and collated. And because many doctoral students do not have the experience necessary to perform the dissertation statistics, oftentimes doctoral students make mistakes and these mistakes on the dissertation statistics cause the doctoral student to delay the completion of the doctoral dissertation.
The best way to ensure that the dissertation statistics are done correctly and the best way to ensure that the doctoral student finishes the dissertation on-time and with success is to get help on the dissertation statistics. Help on the dissertation statistics usually comes in the form of a dissertation consultant and a dissertation consultant can be the difference between a student finishing in a timely manner and with success, and a student struggling indefinitely through every single aspect of the dissertation and through every single aspect of the dissertation statistics.
A dissertation consultant will guide a student through every part of the dissertation writing process, including offering invaluable help to every doctoral student through the statistical processes that are necessary for all dissertations. With the help of a dissertation consultant, the student will be able to perform the complicated statistical procedures and dissertation statistics that accompany all dissertations. This individual help includes help on the choosing of the topic, on the research that is necessary before any student begins the dissertation, on the putting together of the proposal for the dissertation, on the dissertation methodology section, on the sample size justification, on the gathering of the data, on the analyzing of that data, on the application of the data to the dissertation, and on the proofreading of the entire doctoral dissertation.
Clearly, then, a dissertation consultant can take a doctoral degree seeking student through every single step of the dissertation and a dissertation consultant can ensure and guarantee that a doctoral degree seeking student finishes the dissertation with success.
Because it is so easy to get help on the dissertation statistics, there is no reason not to seek help from a dissertation consultant. Not only will a dissertation consultant help a student through the lengthy and difficult dissertation statistics, however, a dissertation consultant will also instruct the student as he or she is working on the dissertation statistics. Because a student must be prepared to orally defend his or her dissertation and his or her dissertation statistics, this instruction on the dissertation statistics is often the most important aspect of getting a dissertation consultant to help you with your dissertation. All students must pass the oral defense of the dissertation and all students must be prepared to explain every single statistical procedure that occurs in the dissertation. The dissertation consultant will make sure that each and every student who seeks their help will be prepared for this oral defense of the dissertation.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in dissertation statistics consulting. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
Dissertation statistics are difficult and challenging for doctoral students because for many doctoral students, dissertation statistics are the first time that the student encounters so much data and so much information that needs to be processed, analyzed and collated. And because many doctoral students do not have the experience necessary to perform the dissertation statistics, oftentimes doctoral students make mistakes and these mistakes on the dissertation statistics cause the doctoral student to delay the completion of the doctoral dissertation.
The best way to ensure that the dissertation statistics are done correctly and the best way to ensure that the doctoral student finishes the dissertation on-time and with success is to get help on the dissertation statistics. Help on the dissertation statistics usually comes in the form of a dissertation consultant and a dissertation consultant can be the difference between a student finishing in a timely manner and with success, and a student struggling indefinitely through every single aspect of the dissertation and through every single aspect of the dissertation statistics.
A dissertation consultant will guide a student through every part of the dissertation writing process, including offering invaluable help to every doctoral student through the statistical processes that are necessary for all dissertations. With the help of a dissertation consultant, the student will be able to perform the complicated statistical procedures and dissertation statistics that accompany all dissertations. This individual help includes help on the choosing of the topic, on the research that is necessary before any student begins the dissertation, on the putting together of the proposal for the dissertation, on the dissertation methodology section, on the sample size justification, on the gathering of the data, on the analyzing of that data, on the application of the data to the dissertation, and on the proofreading of the entire doctoral dissertation.
Clearly, then, a dissertation consultant can take a doctoral degree seeking student through every single step of the dissertation and a dissertation consultant can ensure and guarantee that a doctoral degree seeking student finishes the dissertation with success.
Because it is so easy to get help on the dissertation statistics, there is no reason not to seek help from a dissertation consultant. Not only will a dissertation consultant help a student through the lengthy and difficult dissertation statistics, however, a dissertation consultant will also instruct the student as he or she is working on the dissertation statistics. Because a student must be prepared to orally defend his or her dissertation and his or her dissertation statistics, this instruction on the dissertation statistics is often the most important aspect of getting a dissertation consultant to help you with your dissertation. All students must pass the oral defense of the dissertation and all students must be prepared to explain every single statistical procedure that occurs in the dissertation. The dissertation consultant will make sure that each and every student who seeks their help will be prepared for this oral defense of the dissertation.
Monday, October 12, 2009
Do I need statistical help?
Do I need statistical help?
If you are a doctoral degree seeking student and you are struggling with your dissertation, then statistical help can be the answer to your troubles. Statistical help can offer help to any dissertation writing student and statistical help can provide you with the assistance, guidance and mentorship you need as you tackle the difficult and lengthy statistical aspects of your dissertation.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in statistical help, especially dissertation statistics. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
What is statistical help?
Statistical help is help when it comes to the statistical portions of your dissertations. All dissertations require statistics to prove the doctoral student’s thesis and therefore all dissertations depend upon and rely on statistics. Statistical help, then, is help provided to the dissertation writing student and statistical help can help any student who is working on his or her dissertation.
How do I get statistical help?
It is extremely easy to get statistical help as there are many dissertation consulting firms that offer statistical help. The best way to find a reputable and dependable dissertation consulting firm that can offer statistical help is to first go online and do research about the different dissertation consulting firms. Once you have chosen a dissertation consulting firm, you should contact that dissertation consulting firm and inquire about the statistical help that they can provide you.
Is it expensive to get statistical help?
Most doctoral degree students are happily surprised by the price of getting statistical help. The statistical procedures and processes of the statistical portions of the dissertation are extremely complicated and complex—but they do not have to be! And statistical help can assist any student as he or she works through those dissertation statistics. This will save students much time in the long run—and what’s more, it is all done at a very minimal cost. So, when considering what, exactly statistical help can provide, the cost of getting statistical help is minimal. Statistical help is the best way to get help on the dissertation as statistical help is not expensive compared to the abundance of help that the dissertation writing student will no doubt receive from the statistical help.
Am I allowed to get statistical help?
If you are a doctoral student and you are wondering if you are allowed to get statistical help, or if it is ethical to get statistical help, then the best thing for you to do is to ask your advisor if you are allowed to get statistical help. When asking your advisor, you need to make it clear that statistical help will not perform that statistical procedures for you—rather statistical help will assist you as you perform the statistical help. Statistical help will give you the tools to master the statistical processes of the dissertation and statistical help will actually tutor you when it comes to the statistics of your dissertation. And this instruction is quite possibly the most important aspect of statistical help. When you get statistical help, you will be well on your way to understanding statistics—and there is nothing more important than that. Explain this to your advisor, and then get the statistical help that you need to finish your dissertation successfully, on time and with much success.
If you are a doctoral degree seeking student and you are struggling with your dissertation, then statistical help can be the answer to your troubles. Statistical help can offer help to any dissertation writing student and statistical help can provide you with the assistance, guidance and mentorship you need as you tackle the difficult and lengthy statistical aspects of your dissertation.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in statistical help, especially dissertation statistics. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
What is statistical help?
Statistical help is help when it comes to the statistical portions of your dissertations. All dissertations require statistics to prove the doctoral student’s thesis and therefore all dissertations depend upon and rely on statistics. Statistical help, then, is help provided to the dissertation writing student and statistical help can help any student who is working on his or her dissertation.
How do I get statistical help?
It is extremely easy to get statistical help as there are many dissertation consulting firms that offer statistical help. The best way to find a reputable and dependable dissertation consulting firm that can offer statistical help is to first go online and do research about the different dissertation consulting firms. Once you have chosen a dissertation consulting firm, you should contact that dissertation consulting firm and inquire about the statistical help that they can provide you.
Is it expensive to get statistical help?
Most doctoral degree students are happily surprised by the price of getting statistical help. The statistical procedures and processes of the statistical portions of the dissertation are extremely complicated and complex—but they do not have to be! And statistical help can assist any student as he or she works through those dissertation statistics. This will save students much time in the long run—and what’s more, it is all done at a very minimal cost. So, when considering what, exactly statistical help can provide, the cost of getting statistical help is minimal. Statistical help is the best way to get help on the dissertation as statistical help is not expensive compared to the abundance of help that the dissertation writing student will no doubt receive from the statistical help.
Am I allowed to get statistical help?
If you are a doctoral student and you are wondering if you are allowed to get statistical help, or if it is ethical to get statistical help, then the best thing for you to do is to ask your advisor if you are allowed to get statistical help. When asking your advisor, you need to make it clear that statistical help will not perform that statistical procedures for you—rather statistical help will assist you as you perform the statistical help. Statistical help will give you the tools to master the statistical processes of the dissertation and statistical help will actually tutor you when it comes to the statistics of your dissertation. And this instruction is quite possibly the most important aspect of statistical help. When you get statistical help, you will be well on your way to understanding statistics—and there is nothing more important than that. Explain this to your advisor, and then get the statistical help that you need to finish your dissertation successfully, on time and with much success.
Wednesday, October 7, 2009
What is a dissertation consultation service?
What is a dissertation consultation service?
A dissertation consultation service is a service that provides unparalleled support, aide, guidance, support and mentorship to any student who is seeking their PhD and any student who is struggling with the dissertation.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leading dissertation consultation service. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
How do I use a dissertation consultation service?
If you are a dissertation writing student and you are interesting in seeking help on your dissertation, all you need to do is contact a dissertation consulting firm to get a dissertation consultation service.
Where do I find a dissertation consulting firm that can offer me a dissertation consultation service?
It is rather easy to find a dissertation consulting firm that can offer a doctoral student help with the dissertation. The best place for a doctoral degree seeking student to find a dissertation consulting firm that can provide the dissertation consultation service is on-line. There are many dissertation consultation services, and most of them are listed on-line.
How do I know what dissertation consulting firm to use?
It is very important to find a dissertation consulting firm that will suit your needs and provide the dissertation consultation service that will benefit you. Indeed a dissertation consultation service can offer unmatched help as you write your dissertation, but you must choose a dissertation consulting firm that is best able to help you. To choose the right dissertation consulting firm, you should go on-line and read about the dissertation consulting firm that you will choose. It is important to seek a dissertation consulting firm that 1) can provide help when you need it, 2) has able statisticians on hand to help you with the difficult and lengthy statistical procedures that accompany all dissertations, 3) have dissertation consultants that are very articulate, as you will be working closely with them, 4) are staffed with a PhD. This last one is important because a PhD knows exactly what it is that a doctoral degree seeking student is going through as he or she writes the dissertation—and because a PhD knows exactly what a student is going through, that PhD will be able to provide more help and support throughout the process.
Is it expensive to use a dissertation consultation service?
The price of using a dissertation consultation service is extremely competitive and reasonable. A dissertation consultation service can ensure that a doctoral degree seeking student actually finishes the dissertation on time and with success—and for all of that, the cost of a dissertation consultation service is well worth it. The best thing to do when considering if the cost is worth the price is to call the dissertation consulting firm that will be providing the dissertation consultation service. In that phone call, the dissertation writing student can get a more accurate price for the dissertation consultation service. That doctoral student can also find out more about the dissertation consultation service in that phone call. What’s more, most dissertation consulting firms that provide the dissertation consultation service offer the initial phone call free of charge, so the doctoral degree seeking student has absolutely nothing to lose by placing a phone call to get more information about what the dissertation consultation service can do for that particular PhD candidate.
A dissertation consultation service is a service that provides unparalleled support, aide, guidance, support and mentorship to any student who is seeking their PhD and any student who is struggling with the dissertation.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leading dissertation consultation service. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
How do I use a dissertation consultation service?
If you are a dissertation writing student and you are interesting in seeking help on your dissertation, all you need to do is contact a dissertation consulting firm to get a dissertation consultation service.
Where do I find a dissertation consulting firm that can offer me a dissertation consultation service?
It is rather easy to find a dissertation consulting firm that can offer a doctoral student help with the dissertation. The best place for a doctoral degree seeking student to find a dissertation consulting firm that can provide the dissertation consultation service is on-line. There are many dissertation consultation services, and most of them are listed on-line.
How do I know what dissertation consulting firm to use?
It is very important to find a dissertation consulting firm that will suit your needs and provide the dissertation consultation service that will benefit you. Indeed a dissertation consultation service can offer unmatched help as you write your dissertation, but you must choose a dissertation consulting firm that is best able to help you. To choose the right dissertation consulting firm, you should go on-line and read about the dissertation consulting firm that you will choose. It is important to seek a dissertation consulting firm that 1) can provide help when you need it, 2) has able statisticians on hand to help you with the difficult and lengthy statistical procedures that accompany all dissertations, 3) have dissertation consultants that are very articulate, as you will be working closely with them, 4) are staffed with a PhD. This last one is important because a PhD knows exactly what it is that a doctoral degree seeking student is going through as he or she writes the dissertation—and because a PhD knows exactly what a student is going through, that PhD will be able to provide more help and support throughout the process.
Is it expensive to use a dissertation consultation service?
The price of using a dissertation consultation service is extremely competitive and reasonable. A dissertation consultation service can ensure that a doctoral degree seeking student actually finishes the dissertation on time and with success—and for all of that, the cost of a dissertation consultation service is well worth it. The best thing to do when considering if the cost is worth the price is to call the dissertation consulting firm that will be providing the dissertation consultation service. In that phone call, the dissertation writing student can get a more accurate price for the dissertation consultation service. That doctoral student can also find out more about the dissertation consultation service in that phone call. What’s more, most dissertation consulting firms that provide the dissertation consultation service offer the initial phone call free of charge, so the doctoral degree seeking student has absolutely nothing to lose by placing a phone call to get more information about what the dissertation consultation service can do for that particular PhD candidate.
Monday, October 5, 2009
Should I get dissertation statistics tutoring?
Should I get dissertation statistics tutoring?
Dissertation statistics tutoring is designed for anyone who needs a little extra help with their dissertation. And sometimes, that little extra help can make all the difference. So, if you are struggling with your dissertation—be it with the proposal phase or the statistical procedures that need to be performed in your dissertation—you should most definitely consider getting dissertation statistics tutoring.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in dissertation statistics tutoring. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
How does dissertation statistics tutoring work?
First, dissertation statistics tutoring starts as soon as a doctoral student contacts a dissertation consulting firm. Dissertation statistics tutoring, then, first starts when a student decides that he or she could benefit from getting a little extra help on the dissertation. The next step is for the student to get help from a dissertation consultant, and depending on where the student is in the dissertation process, the dissertation consultant will address all of the concerns and help the student with whatever he or she needs help with. It is important to note that the earlier the student seeks dissertation statistics tutoring, the more help that student can get from the dissertation statistics tutoring.
Why should I get dissertation statistics tutoring?
The answer to this question is simple—dissertation statistics tutoring will make your entire dissertation process much easier. It is always a good idea to seek help with something challenging and difficult, and dissertation statistics tutoring is no different. The most important reason to get dissertation statistics tutoring is because dissertation statistics tutoring will indeed tutor you. In other words, with dissertation statistics tutoring you will actually understand everything that needs to be done in your dissertation and you will actually understand every single statistical procedure of your dissertation. Statistics is by no means easy, especially for doctoral students because they have usually not had the proper training in statistics. Dissertation statistics tutoring can change all of this, however, as dissertation statistics tutoring can provide you with all of the help on statistics you need AND dissertation statistics tutoring will give you one on one instruction. Further, because it is one on one instruction, dissertation statistics tutoring will make sure that you understand the statistical concepts—instead of simply brushing over it. The dissertation consultants who provide dissertation statistics tutoring are committed to making sure that you understand everything you need to understand about all of the statistical procedures that are contained in your dissertation.
How much does dissertation statistics tutoring cost?
While it is impossible to give an exact estimate because every student has different needs in terms of how much dissertation statistics tutoring they require, one thing is absolutely certain—and that is that getting dissertation statistics tutoring is not very expensive when considering how much time, energy, and frustration they can save you in the long run. Everyone who inquires about the cost of dissertation statistics tutoring is happily surprised at the low cost of dissertation statistics tutoring, so it is worth calling the dissertation consulting firm to get more specifics on the exact cost of dissertation statistics tutoring for you. Further, at most dissertation consulting firms, the initial consultation is free—so a doctoral student has absolutely nothing to lose if they call a dissertation consulting firm to inquire about dissertation statistics tutoring to see if dissertation statistics tutoring is right for them.
Dissertation statistics tutoring is designed for anyone who needs a little extra help with their dissertation. And sometimes, that little extra help can make all the difference. So, if you are struggling with your dissertation—be it with the proposal phase or the statistical procedures that need to be performed in your dissertation—you should most definitely consider getting dissertation statistics tutoring.
Statistics Solutions is the country's leader in dissertation statistics tutoring. Contact Statistics Solutions today for a free 30-minute consultation.
How does dissertation statistics tutoring work?
First, dissertation statistics tutoring starts as soon as a doctoral student contacts a dissertation consulting firm. Dissertation statistics tutoring, then, first starts when a student decides that he or she could benefit from getting a little extra help on the dissertation. The next step is for the student to get help from a dissertation consultant, and depending on where the student is in the dissertation process, the dissertation consultant will address all of the concerns and help the student with whatever he or she needs help with. It is important to note that the earlier the student seeks dissertation statistics tutoring, the more help that student can get from the dissertation statistics tutoring.
Why should I get dissertation statistics tutoring?
The answer to this question is simple—dissertation statistics tutoring will make your entire dissertation process much easier. It is always a good idea to seek help with something challenging and difficult, and dissertation statistics tutoring is no different. The most important reason to get dissertation statistics tutoring is because dissertation statistics tutoring will indeed tutor you. In other words, with dissertation statistics tutoring you will actually understand everything that needs to be done in your dissertation and you will actually understand every single statistical procedure of your dissertation. Statistics is by no means easy, especially for doctoral students because they have usually not had the proper training in statistics. Dissertation statistics tutoring can change all of this, however, as dissertation statistics tutoring can provide you with all of the help on statistics you need AND dissertation statistics tutoring will give you one on one instruction. Further, because it is one on one instruction, dissertation statistics tutoring will make sure that you understand the statistical concepts—instead of simply brushing over it. The dissertation consultants who provide dissertation statistics tutoring are committed to making sure that you understand everything you need to understand about all of the statistical procedures that are contained in your dissertation.
How much does dissertation statistics tutoring cost?
While it is impossible to give an exact estimate because every student has different needs in terms of how much dissertation statistics tutoring they require, one thing is absolutely certain—and that is that getting dissertation statistics tutoring is not very expensive when considering how much time, energy, and frustration they can save you in the long run. Everyone who inquires about the cost of dissertation statistics tutoring is happily surprised at the low cost of dissertation statistics tutoring, so it is worth calling the dissertation consulting firm to get more specifics on the exact cost of dissertation statistics tutoring for you. Further, at most dissertation consulting firms, the initial consultation is free—so a doctoral student has absolutely nothing to lose if they call a dissertation consulting firm to inquire about dissertation statistics tutoring to see if dissertation statistics tutoring is right for them.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)